Fortunately, the street still exists and even if today there are fewer candy stores, the atmosphere of that period is still alive and the place is still a heaven for those who like sweets.
You can find here a great variety of Japanese traditional sweets and crackers, from which I especially recommend those made from sweet potato, which are some of the best-known products of Kawagoe.
And I almost forgot to mention, they are very tasty and... incredibly cheap.
Travel tip 1: Kawagoe can be reached very easily from Tokyo, by taking the train from Ikebukuro Station. The fastest and cheapest ride is just 30 minutes and ¥450 (about $6) on the Tōbu Tōjō Line Express.
Travel tip 2: Because each store has its own unique techniques and recipes, the candies and crackers have different tastes, so don't limit yourself to the goodies of a single store.
And take your time and look around, in some stores you can see how they are making the candies and you can also taste them for free...
EXIF info:
Nikon D90
Lens: VR 18-55mm F/3.5-5.6G
Focal Length: 18mm
Aperture: F/5.6
Shutter Speed: 1/250s
ISO Sensitivity: ISO 200