Often, the decoration was representing the clan's crest (kamon), but many warriors were also using shapes evoking magical beasts, to suggest the warrior's strength, or horns, to intimidate the enemies...
EXIF info:
Nikon D700
Lens: VR 70-300mm F/4.5-5.6G
Focal Length: 300mm
Aperture: F/5.6
Shutter Speed: 1/125s
ISO Sensitivity: ISO 500